挥鞭伤 - 症状和治疗

Whiplash is a type of neck pain that results from an injury that occurs following a sudden acceleration-deceleration force or movement of the head backwards, forwards, or sideways. The movement is unrestrained, rapid and abrupt, often due to a car accident or any other mishaps. Hence, the force causes the head into forward-flexion (head-down position) and the head gets whipped back very quickly into extension (head in a looking up position).

Aside from road traffic accidents, the following reasons can also cause whiplash:

• being struck on the head by a solid or heavy object
• the head is suddenly jolted backwards due to a slip or fall
• a sudden blow to the head, such as during sports like rugby or boxing

When this occurs, the forces may result in injuries to bony or soft tissues such as in the neck muscles, disc, tendons, ligaments, and nerve roots.

鞭打严重的几个档次

There are several grades to the severity of whiplash-associated disorders (WAD).

• 0级：看不出受伤的体征。No pain or discomfort.
• 1级：看不出受伤的体征。颈部疼痛，压痛或僵硬。
• 2级: Neck pain, stiffness or tenderness. Some physical signs of injury such as point of tenderness or trouble turning the head.
• 3级：疼痛，压痛或僵硬和损伤神经系统体征，如更改在了怀里经历的反射或弱点。
• 4级：痛，骨折或颈部的位错。

The above grading is also known as the Quebec Classification Disorder and is used as theguideline by the Singapore courts评估颈部受伤。

What are whiplash symptoms?

因为在颈部的软组织变得拉伸应变时，也可能发生以下挥鞭伤一些症状。最初的创伤后症状可在受伤后甚至几天后，立即发生。此外，这样做需要注意的是挥鞭也可以发生在相对低的速度崩溃。

People who experience whiplash may develop one or more of the following symptoms which include:

• 头痛
• Pain in the shoulders and arms
• 头晕
• Altered sensation, pins and needles, numbness in the arms
• Weakness
• Visual and auditory symptoms
• Difficulty concentrating
• Difficulty in swallowing

Less common symptoms include dizziness, memory loss, pins and needles in your arms and hands, poor concentration and irritability. The symptoms are usually worse the day after the injury and may continue to worse for the next several days. People experiencing such symptoms should seek proper medical advice as soon as possible, within 24 hours if possible.

Why is your neck so stiff and it hurts to move?

在轻度或1个或2鞭的大多数情况下，肌肉附连到颈部关节（颈椎脊椎骨）被拉紧并遭受某种形式的擦伤。在冲击（迎面而来的事故或下降）的预期，颈部的肌肉就会紧张起来，支持颈部和头部在事故力被强行拉伸之前。力将超过这些肌肉，以支持能力，将导致应变。

正是这些扭伤肌肉疼，当你以后移动你的头，因为他们非常积极地参与了头部和颈部的运动。

Stiffness comes on later as a result of lack of movement to avoid the pain. This is a form ofpain avoidance。刚度常常是颈部关节因缺乏运动失去他们的流动性，并且变得紧，绷紧作为固定就位了很长一段时间的结果肌肉的结果。刚度后使得它很难不痛移动的恶性循环。

Physiotherapy Options

Treatment options for whiplash with physiotherapy include mobilisation, manipulation and exercises. Most whiplash patients will start to feel better within a few weeks of treatment. Needless to say, the sooner you start your treatment and follow the treatment plan, the shorter your recovery period will be. Putting off treatment will often lead to chronic issues setting in and making it that much harder and longer to recover.

• 减少颈部疼痛，头痛和炎症。
• Improve the range of motion of your neck joints (seemanual therapyand joint mobilisation)
• 通过改善颈部位置意识（本体），精细运动控制和平衡你的脖子的姿势。
• Lengthen tight-and-shorten muscles by releasing taut and tense muscles.
• 加强你的颈部和上背部（胸椎）肌肉。

Located in Singapore, our team of physiotherapists at Core Concepts can aid in your road to recovery by effectively resolving your injury with treatment options tailored to your individual condition. With actively guided treatment, you can expect to recover with reduced neck pain, improved neck posture and minimising your chances of future neck pain.